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Newton's theorem (quadrilateral) : ウィキペディア英語版
Newton's theorem (quadrilateral)

In Euclidean geometry Newton's theorem states, that in any tangential quadrilateral other than a rhombus the center of its incircle lies on its Newton line.
Let ''ABCD'' be a tangential quadrilateral with at most one pair of parallel sides. Furthermore let ''E'' and ''F'' the midpoints of its diagonals ''AC'' and ''BD'' and ''P'' be the center of its incircle. Given such a configuration the point P is located on the Newton line, that is line ''EF'' connecting the midpoints of the diagonals.
A tangential quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides is a rhombus. In this case both midpoints and the center of the incircle coincide and by definition no Newton line exists.
Newton's theorem can easily be derived from Anne's theorem considering that in tangential quadrilaterals the combined lengths of opposite sides are equal (''a'' + ''c'' = ''b'' + ''d''). Now according to Anne's theorem showing that the combined areas of opposite triangles ''PAD'' and ''PBC'' and the combined areas of triangles ''PAB'' and ''PCD'' are equal is sufficient to ensure that ''P'' lies on ''EF''. Let ''r'' be the radius of the incircle, then ''r'' is also the altitude of all four triangles.
:\begin
&A(\triangle PAB)+A(\triangle PCD) \\
=&\tfracra+\tfracrc=\tfracr(a+c) \\
=&\tfracr(b+d)=\tfracrc+\tfracrd \\
=&A(\triangle PBC)+A(\triangle PAD)
\end

==References==

*Claudi Alsina, Roger B. Nelsen: ''Charming Proofs: A Journey Into Elegant Mathematics''. MAA, 2010, ISBN 9780883853481, pp. 117–118 ()

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